KONSERVASI
Kearifan Lokal Konservasi + Biota &
Statusnya
1.
Tabu Area – Fiji
Kearifan
lokal:
Larangan adat penangkapan ikan pada wilayah laut tertentu dalam waktu tertentu.
Biota
laut:
a. Kima raksasa (Tridacna gigas) → Appendix II
b. Penyu hijau (Chelonia mydas) → Appendix I
2.
Rahui – Polinesia Prancis
Kearifan
lokal:
Penutupan sementara area laut berdasarkan keputusan adat.
Biota
laut:
a. Teripang (Holothuria scabra) → Appendix II
b. Ikan kerapu (Epinephelus spp.) → Appendix II
3.
Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMA) – Samoa
Kearifan
lokal:
Pengelolaan laut berbasis komunitas lokal.
Biota laut:
a. Hiu karang (Carcharhinus melanopterus) → Appendix II
b. Bulu babi (Tripneustes gratilla) → Appendix II
4.
Kawasan Adat Vezo – Madagaskar
Kearifan
lokal:
Aturan adat penangkapan ikan tradisional dengan alat ramah lingkungan.
Biota
laut:
a. Dugong (Dugong dugon) → Appendix
I
b. Penyu sisik (Eretmochelys imbricata) → Appendix I
5.
Community Marine Sanctuary – Belize
Kearifan
lokal:
Perlindungan terumbu karang oleh masyarakat pesisir.
Biota
laut:
a. Karang otak (Diploria spp.) → Appendix
II
b. Ikan kakap (Lutjanus spp.) → Appendix
II
6.
TURFs (Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries) – Chili
Kearifan
lokal:
Hak kelola laut tradisional oleh nelayan lokal.
Biota
laut:
a. Abalon Chili (Concholepas concholepas) → Appendix II
b. Landak laut (Loxechinus albus) → Appendix II
7.
Customary Marine Tenure – Papua Nugini
Kearifan
lokal:
Hak kepemilikan laut berdasarkan adat suku.
Biota
laut:
a. Kima (Tridacna maxima) → Appendix
II
b. Ikan napoleon (Cheilinus undulatus) → Appendix II
8.
Haenyeo Tradition – Korea Selatan
Kearifan
lokal:
Tradisi menyelam tradisional perempuan dengan aturan panen lestari.
Biota
laut:
a. Abalon (Haliotis discus) → Appendix
II
b. Teripang (Apostichopus japonicus) → Appendix II
9.
Indigenous Sea Country – Australia
Kearifan
lokal:
Pengelolaan laut adat Aborigin.
Biota
laut:
a. Dugong (Dugong dugon) → Appendix
I
b. Penyu pipih (Natator depressus) → Appendix I
10.
Alianza de Pescadores Artesanales – Peru
Kearifan
lokal:
Pengelolaan perikanan skala kecil berbasis komunitas.
Biota
laut:
a. Paus bungkuk (Megaptera novaeangliae) → Appendix I
b. Singa laut Amerika Selatan (Otaria flavescens) → Appendix II
11.
Sacred Coastal Waters – Ghana
Kearifan
lokal:
Pantai dan laut tertentu dianggap suci dan dilarang dieksploitasi.
Biota
laut:
a. Penyu lekang (Lepidochelys olivacea) → Appendix I
b. Lumba-lumba hidung botol (Tursiops truncatus) → Appendix II
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Govan,
H., Aalbersberg, W., Tawake, A., & Parks, J. (2019). Community conserved
areas in the Pacific. Marine Policy,
33(3), 527–538.
Johannes,
R. E. (2022). The renaissance of community-based marine resource management. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,
33, 317–340.
Kittinger,
J. N., et al. (2016). Comanagement of coral reef fisheries: A critical
evaluation. Proceedings of the National
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UNESCO.
(2020). Indigenous knowledge and marine
biodiversity conservation. United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization.
McLeod,
E., Szuster, B., Salm, R., et al. (2019). Sasi and marine conservation in Raja
Ampat, Indonesia. Coastal Management,
37(6), 656–676.
Cinner,
J. E., & Aswani, S. (2017). Integrating customary management into marine
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Pacific Conservation Biology, 20(2), 165–179.
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Jupiter, S. D., Cohen, P. J., Weeks, R., Tawake, A., & Govan, H. (2024).
Locally-managed marine areas: Multiple objectives and diverse strategies.
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